Rødgrød med Fløde

Zealand (Copenhagen). The New Nordic Cuisine Manifesto was written in Copenhagen in November 2004 by a group of Nordic chefs including Claus Meyer and Rene Redzepi, and what it argued for was already sitting in the local larder: seasonality, purity, and the region's own ingredients in place of imported luxury.

Denmark. What Danes call wienerbrod, Vienna bread, is what everyone else calls Danish pastry, and the name is the accurate one: the laminated technique arrived with Austrian bakers in the nineteenth century. The other Danish export is dated too. The New Nordic Cuisine Manifesto was written in Copenhagen in November 2004, by named authors, and is a movement rather than a tradition.

Europe. European cooking is built on the land and the seasons, wheat, butter, and cured pork in the north; olive oil, tomatoes, and seafood around the Mediterranean; preserved vegetables and hearty stews through long winters. Centuries of peasant tradition, guild craft, and royal courts refined techniques from French mother sauces to Italian fresh pasta and Central European baking. Regional identity runs remarkably deep, with a single dish often changing from one valley to the next.