Recipe
🍰 DESSERT
Rwandan Mandazi
Lightly sweet fried dough scented with cardamom and cinnamon and enriched with coconut milk, a Kigali street favourite.
Rwandan · easy · serves 6
prep 20 min · cook 15 min
~355 cal · 8g protein · 67g carbs · 6g fat · 2g fiber · 18g sugars · 5g sat fat (estimated, per serving)
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Mandazi are the gently sweet fried breads found all over Rwanda, sold on the streets of Kigali and served with tea or coffee at almost any hour. They travelled inland from the Swahili coast along old trade routes and settled comfortably into the cuisine of the Great Lakes, where they are eaten as a snack, a breakfast, or a small dessert dusted with sugar.
The Rwandan version leans on for richness and a soft crumb, and on and cinnamon for its quiet fragrance. Less sweet than a Western doughnut and never glazed, they are crisp at the edges and pillowy within, and a good cook is judged on how well they puff in the oil.
They keep and reheat well, which is part of their charm: made in a batch in the morning, they turn up again warmed through in the evening. A cup of Rwandan coffee or spiced tea is the natural companion.
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Make it yours
✓ Naturally vegetarian and dairy- and pork-free. No swaps needed.
Toggle a diet and the ingredients rewrite themselves with regional substitutes.
🥕 Vegetarian
🌱 Vegan
🌾 Gluten-Free
🥛 Dairy-Free
🥜 Nut-Free
🥚 Egg-Free
🐖 Pork-Free
Dietary labels are a cooking guide, not allergen-safety advice. We track dairy, egg, gluten, tree nuts and peanuts (we count coconut as a tree nut, following FDA labeling), fish, and shellfish; we do not screen for sesame, soy, mustard, celery, or sulphites. If you have a food allergy, read the label on every product you use, and note that a kitchen can cross-contaminate in ways a recipe cannot control.
Ingredients
US
Metric
Serves 6
3 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 cup sugar
1/2 cup
1 egg
1 tsp active dry yeast
1 tsp ground
1 tsp ground cinnamon
1/2 cup warm water
1/2 tsp salt
for the pan , for frying
Instructions
1
Stir the yeast into the warm water with a spoonful of the sugar and leave it 10 minutes until frothy.
2
Mix the flour, remaining sugar, cardamom, cinnamon and salt, then work in the coconut milk, egg and frothy yeast to a soft dough. Knead until smooth and let it rise for about an hour.
3
Knock the dough back and roll it out about a third of an inch thick, then cut into squares or triangles and keep them covered while you heat the oil.
✎ Chef’s note
Keep the cut pieces under a cloth. If they skin over in the air they will not puff up properly in the oil.
4
Fry in oil heated to 350F (175C), a few at a time, turning once, until puffed and golden brown on both sides.
5
Drain on paper, dust with a little sugar, and serve warm with tea or coffee.
Kigali street-food tradition.
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🌏 While it simmers, know your destination
📍
Kigali. The hills do the farming. Rwanda is cultivated intensively up steep slopes, so beans, sweet potato, cassava and bananas come off small plots and the everyday plate carries several starches at once. Brochettes over charcoal, usually goat, are the sociable evening exception to an otherwise mild kitchen.
🗺️
Rwanda. Isombe is thought to have come from what is now the DR Congo and is eaten in Burundi as well, so it is a regional dish that Rwanda cooks rather than one it invented; the cassava leaves are pounded fine and simmered long with palm oil, aubergine and sometimes dried fish. Ikivuguto, the cultured fermented milk, is the dairy worth naming in a country where cattle carry social weight.
🌍
Africa. The structure repeats across most of the continent: one starch and one sauce. A grain or root is cooked stiff, torn or rolled by hand, and used to carry a stew of leaves, groundnut, okra or fish, usually from a shared bowl and with the right hand. UNESCO listings have followed that logic, inscribing couscous in 2020 as a shared Maghreb tradition and Ivorian attieke in 2024.
The story behind this dish is up top, worth a read while the pot works.
More from Rwanda
IsombePounded cassava leaves stewed with spinach, eggplant, and peanut into a soft, savory green.
Ibijumba n'IkivugutoThe classic Rwandan breakfast: warm boiled sweet potatoes served with ikivuguto, a tangy cultured fermented milk.
Rwandan BrochettesMarinated goat skewers grilled over charcoal and served with grilled plantain, Rwanda's favorite social food.
Browse all Rwanda recipes →
Good to know
Storing it: Fried food is best eaten fresh while crisp. Re-crisp leftovers in a hot oven or air fryer; the microwave makes them soft.
Make it a Rwanda meal
AgatogoDinner
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Cuisine
Diet
Frequently asked questions
What is Rwandan Mandazi?
Lightly sweet fried dough scented with cardamom and cinnamon and enriched with coconut milk, a Kigali street favourite.
Where does Rwandan Mandazi come from?
Rwandan Mandazi is a Rwandan dish from Kigali, Rwanda.
Can Rwandan Mandazi be made vegan, gluten-free, or dairy-free?
This Rwandan Mandazi recipe includes substitution suggestions for vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, dairy-free, nut-free, egg-free, and pork-free versions, including several at once such as gluten-free and dairy-free together. Treat them as a starting guide rather than a guarantee, and see the allergen note below.
Is Rwandan Mandazi safe for people with food allergies?
Our dietary labels and substitutions are a cooking guide, not medical or allergen-safety advice. We track dairy, egg, gluten, tree nuts and peanuts (we count coconut as a tree nut, following FDA labeling), fish, and shellfish, but we do not screen for sesame, soy, mustard, celery, or sulphites. If you have a food allergy, always read the label on every product you use, and remember a home or commercial kitchen can cross-contaminate ingredients in ways a recipe cannot control.
How long does Rwandan Mandazi take to make?
About 35 minutes total (20 minutes prep, 15 minutes cooking), serving 6.
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